“Les Effarés”, a Miserable Poem On Rimbaud's Tenderness

The present study seeks to show how, in “Les Effarés”, Rimbaud enters into an intertextual dialogue with the Hugo of Les Misérables in order to offer to the reader a representation of poverty in the nineteenth century that is similarly sociocritical to the one we find in Hugo’s magnum opus. In “Les Effarés” we encounter nothing less than a tour-de-force micrological scene of re-writing of a scene from Hugo’s novel.