Proust’s response to his philosophy teachers, or a Kantian novelistic form

Although Proust seems not to have read Kant’s treatises directly, his substantial philosophical studies at the Lycée Condorcet and the Sorbonne involved a thorough assimilation of the Kantian doctrine of knowledge, regarding the reality of the outside world. He would recall this in his novelistic work, and would draw on Kantianism for his conception of a narrator and characters, and for his construction of a novel with its own dogmatic principles.