Abstract: On the basis of the proceedings of the colloquium Gérard de Nerval, histoire et politique (Paris, 2018), a reflection on the articulation between politics and history in the late works of Nerval is undertaken. From a sociocritical point of view, these works are characterized either by writing fantasy or by the use of archaeological motifs, with the aim of reconstructing historical reality and suggesting a politics of an oppositional nature.