Abstract: The key points of divergence and convergence which emerge from the work of Camus and Albert Memmi are studied here. Hervé Sanson investigates the duties of responsibility and ethical concerns which emanate from the thought of these two authors, focusing on three aspects : the significance of their childhoods spent in poverty and the lessons gained from this ; their positions vis-à-vis decolonisation ; and, finally, their art, with regard to which Camus’s conception of a “total” creation is countered by Memmi’s more compartmentalised œuvre.