Abstract: In Valery Larbaud’s work, everything is in a state of constant transgression: the texts themselves, the subject, identity. For him, translation, far from being a simple transfer of words, is a model for perpetual cultural change and the fruitful decentralization of the identity of the subject. Using this idea as its point of departure, this article analyzes to what extent this concept of translation could constitute a cultural paradigm for imagining cosmopolitanism in the era of globalization.